Laravel is a powerful PHP framework designed to make web development easier, faster, and more secure. It provides built-in tools for routing, authentication, database migrations, and templating with Blade. In quizzes under Laravel, users can test their knowledge on MVC architecture, Eloquent ORM, routing, controllers, and Laravel's built-in features for building scalable web applications. By completing challenges, users can improve their backend PHP skills and gain points for correct answers.